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A key derivation function that turns a password into an encryption key by repeating a hash many thousands of times, making each guess slow.
PBKDF2 (RFC 8018) combines the password with a random salt and runs HMAC for a configurable number of iterations. The slowness limits how many passwords an attacker can test per second. HostSpica backups use PBKDF2-HMAC-SHA256 with 600,000 iterations. Argon2id is a newer, memory-hard design that resists specialised hardware better; PBKDF2 is built into Android, which is why we use it.
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